T12 - New Achievements of Medical Science

After the establishment of People's Republic of China, the development of the medical and health industries was given great importance by the communist party and country.  

The medical workers and researchers worked hard to accumulate and develop medical knowledge, combining traditional chinese and western medical knowledge and skills.

On 1976.4.9, to introduce and propagandize new achievements in Chinese medical treatment & sanitation science, the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications of issued this set of four stamps.

(4-1) 8 fen, Acupuncture anaesthesia for heart surgery  针刺麻醉
(4-2) 8 fen, Transplantation of a mutilated limb  断肢再植
(4-3) 8 fen, An integrated Chinese-western method of treatment for fracture 
                      中西医结合小夹板治疗骨折
(4-4) 8 fen, An integrated Chinese-western method in removing cataracts
                     中西医结合针拔术治疗白内障

(4-1)【Acupuncture anaesthesia for heart surgery】In 1958, Chinese medical researchers successfully completed a first integrated acupuncture-medicine anesthesia (CAMA) operation.  Compared with general anesthesia (GA) patients, the CAMA patients had a less usage of narcotic drugs, less postoperative pulmonary infection, shorter stay in intensive care unit, reduced postoperative morbidity and lower medical cost.  After over 30 years of clinical practices, CAMA can be used for head, neck, chest and abdominal operations.  The stamp depicts an acupuncture anaesthesia for heart surgical operation.

(4-2)【Transplantation of a mutilated limb】In the case of a hand transplant, the transplanted hand requires a vascular connection in order to survive.  Nerve regeneration into the transplanted tissue is required for sensation within the skin and reanimation of muscles within the transplanted tissue.  The right side of the stamp depicts a limb transplantation operation, while the left side of the stamp showed the recovered patient back to his work station. 

(4-3)【An integrated Chinese-western method of treatment for fracture】The integrated treatment of humeral shaft fractures with wooden splints changed the typical western fracture treatment for fracture surgery of plywood and gypsum.  Treatment of fractures in accordance with this principle gets faster healing, good functional recovery and no complication.  It can shorten one-third of the recovery time, economical and convenient.  The left side of the stamp depicts an integrated Chinese-western treatment for hand fracture in progress, while the right side of the stamp showed that the patient's hand has great ease of mobility after treatment. 

(4-4)【An integrated Chinese-western method in removing cataracts】In ancient China, couching for cataract is called jinzhen bozhang shu (金针拨障术), i.e. to cure cataracts with a golden needle.  Integrated Chinese-western method derived on basis of ancient cataract treatment practices, combined with modern medical and surgical knowledge so as to make improvement to cataract surgery.  The left side of the stamp depicts an integrated Chinese-western treatment in removing cataracts in progress, while the right side of the stamp showed the patient regained his eye sight after operation.

T12 – New Achievements of Medical Science  医疗卫生科学新成就 Issue Date: 1976.4.9
Serial Number:	T12
Scott No.:	1271-1274
Michel No.:	1281-1284
Number of stamps in Set:	4
Denomination:	8 fen for stamp 1, 2, 3, 4
Quantity of Issue:	3,900,000 for stamp 1, 2, 3, 4
Perforation:	P11½
Sheet Composition:	30 (3 X 10) for stamp 1, 2, 3, 4
Size of stamps:	58 X 31 mm for stamp 1, 2, 3, 4
Designer:	Sun Chuanzhe  孙传哲
Printing Process:	Photogravure
Printing House:	Beijing Postage Stamp Printing Works

T11 - Revolutionary Sacred Place - Shaoshan

Shaoshan (韶山) is located in Hunan Province.  Shaoshan was the birthplace of Mao Zedong, founder of the People's Republic of China; and was an important base during the communist revolution.

Legend told that in ancient times, Shun or Emperor Shun (舜帝) was here at this mountain.  When Emperor Shun was here, he played shun or shao music (舜乐 / 韶乐), which was an integrated set of poetry, music and dance.   Hence, the mountain was known as Shaoshan.

Mao Zedong was born here on 1893.12.26.  In 1925, Mao set up the peasants movement and a night school here for the peasants.  He also established the Shaoshan branch of the Chinese Communist Party.  In 1927, Mao held the peasant movement cadres and peasants forum at Shaoshan.

This set of stamps was issued on 1976.12.26, which was the 83th anniversary of birth of Mao Zadong.  The four stamps are:
(4-1) 4 fen, Chairman Mao's old residence  韶山毛主席旧居
(4-2) 8 fen, Site of former peasant night school at Shaoshan 韶山农民夜校旧址
(4-3) 8 fen, Site of former peasant association at Shaoshan 韶山农民协会旧址
(4-4) 10 fen, Shaoshan Railway Station  韶山火车站

(4-1)【Chairman Mao's old residence】Chairman Mao's old residence is surrounded by pine trees and bamboo, and is a typical Southern China farm house.  It was set up in 1964 as an exhibition gallery to display Mao's revolutionary relics and photographs.

(4-2)【Site of former peasant night school at Shaoshan】The stamp depicts the house
Chairman Mao used for the peasant night school in 1925.

(4-3)【Site of former peasant association at Shaoshan】The stamp depicts the house  Chairman Mao established for the Peasant Association in 1927.  It was here that Mao's held the peasant movement cadres and peasants forum.

(4-4)【Shaoshan Railway Station】The railroad from Changsha to Shaoshan began construction in January 1967 and was inaugurated on 1967.12.26 (Mao's birthday).  The railroad eased travel to Shaoshan - the revolutionary sacred place.  The stamp depicts the external view of Shaoshan's railway station. 　

T11 – Revolutionary Sacred Place: Shaoshan  革命纪念地 ---- 韶山 Issue Date: 1976.12.26
Serial Number:	T11
Scott No.:	1299-1302
Michel No.:	1309-1312
Number of stamps in Set:	4
Denomination:	4 fen for stamp 1 8 fen for stamp 2, 3 10 fen for stamp 4
Quantity of Issue:	10,000,000 for stamp 1, 2 5,000,000 for stamp 3 2,000,000 for stamp 4
Perforation:	P11 X 11½
Sheet Composition:	30 (3 X 10) for stamp 1, 2, 3, 4
Size of stamps:	60 X 30 mm for stamp 1, 2, 3, 4
Designer:	Xu Yanbo  许彦博
Printing Process:	Photogravure
Printing House:	Beijing Postage Stamp Printing Works

T10 -- Militia Women

People's militia is a half military organization which is served by ordinary people who aside from their farm, factory and study duties, are also military trained.  The task of people's militia is to actively take part in building the socialism and take the lead in labour; to cooperate with the Army to consolidate frontier defence and manage public order; and to prepare for joining the army to fight at any time to defend the country.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, People's militia developed swiftly in townships and villages.  Women were liberated from the bottom tier of the society and they eagerly participated in the building of the socialist society and enterprises, as well as enrolling into the People's militia.

To commemorate the International Women's Day and depicting the militia women' lives and activities,  a set of three stamps was released on March 8,1975.

(3-1) 8 fen, Sharpshooters  我们都是神枪手
(3-2) 8 fen, Back from target practice  打靶归来
(3-3) 8 fen, The "Underground Great Wall"  地下长城

(3-1)【Sharpshooters】This stamp design came from the oil painting  "Sharpshooters" 《我们都是神枪手》, by Zhao Shuqin (赵淑钦).  The oil painting showed a group of island Militia Women cleaning their weapons after target shooting, with the sea as the background.

(3-2)【Back from target practice】This stamp design came from the oil painting "Back from target practice" 《打靶归来》, by Yang Ze (杨则).  The oil painting showed a group of Militia Women riding their horses back to camp after target shooting, with the grassland as the background.

(3-3)【The "Underground Great Wall"】This stamp design came from the oil painting "Underground Great Wall" 《地下长城》, by Liu Sanduo (刘三多) and Wu Zhengquan (伍正权).  The oil painting showed the Liberated Army and the Militia Women in the act of building an underground bunker.

T10 – Militia Women  女民兵 Issue Date: 1977.3.8
Serial Number:	T10
Scott No.:	1312-1314
Michel No.:	1322-1324
Number of stamps in Set:	3
Denomination:	8 fen for stamp 1, 2, 3
Quantity of Issue:	5,000,000 for stamp 1, 2, 3
Perforation:	P11½
Sheet Composition:	40（4 X 10)
Size of stamps:	53 X 31 mm
Original Artists	Stamp 1 - Zhao Shuqin  赵淑钦 Stamp 2 -- Yang Ze  杨则 Stamp 3 -- Liu Sanduo 刘三多                    Wu Zhengquan 伍正权
Designer:	Liu Shuoren 刘硕仁
Printing Process:	Photogravure
Printing House:	Beijing Postage Stamp Printing Works

T9 - Rural Woman Teachers

In 1910, the second International Conference of Socialist Women decided to instate March 8 as International Women's Day according to Clara Zatkin's suggestion to commemorate Chicago Women's Strike of America in 1909 and unite women all over the world.

China's women celebrated the first March 8 Women's Day in 1924 at Guangzhou. 

The constitution of People's Republic of China stipulates that Women in China enjoy equal rights with men in all spheres of life, such as in political, economic, cultural, social and family life.

On December 23,1949, the Central Government State Council of PRC stipulated March 8 as Women Day, on which day women take a holiday of half day.

To commend women's deeds and call on the whole nation to care for education in rural areas, the set of special stamps -- Rural Woman Teachers was released on March 8,1975 (International Women's Day).

(4-1) 8 fen, Conscientious reading and study  认真看书学习
(4-2) 8 fen, A touring teacher  巡回教学
(4-3) 8 fen, Open-air schooling  开门办学
(4-4) 8 fen, A primary school on boat  水上小学

(4-1)【Conscientious reading and study】The stamp depicted a women teacher studying hard in a rural village, so that she can transfer her knowledge to the young students in the village.  The stamp showed her with a copy of "People's Post" newspaper on the desk and the big letters propaganda on the wall "Be loyal to the Party's Education Career" (忠诚党的教育事业).

(4-2)【A touring teacher】The background of the stamp design is a vast grassland, Mongolian gers, meandering river, electricity transmission tower and a rural woman teacher horse riding to reach and teach children of the shepherding communities.

(4-3)【Open-air schooling】The stamp depicted a happy open-air school scene in a village.  The women teacher is looking after a group of pupils with abacuses.  The background of the stamp showed a weighing scale and a bumper harvest.

(4-4)【A primary school on boat】The stamp depicted a women teacher teaching a group of young students on a boat.  "Education Revolution" (教育要革命) was written on the blackboard.   Background of the stamp showed some fishing boats parked at the shore. 

T9 – Rural Woman Teachers  乡村女教师 Issue Date: 1975.3.8
Serial Number:	T9
Scott No.:	1218-1221
Michel No.:	1228-1231
Number of stamps in Set:	4
Denomination:	8 fen for stamp 1, 2, 3, 4
Quantity of Issue:	5,000,000 for stamp 1, 2, 3, 4
Perforation:	P11 X 11½
Sheet Composition:	50 (5 X 10) for stamp 1, 2, 3, 4
Size of stamps:	40 X 30 mm for stamp 1, 2, 3, 4
Designer:	Wan Weisheng  万维生
Printing Process:	Photogravure
Printing House:	Beijing Postage Stamp Printing Works