T22 - Buiding Dazhai-type counties throughout the country

During the Cultural Revolutionary era, the criticizing campaign (大批判活动) was held.  There are a few sets of stamps on this theme.  The set (T8) was known as "big critcize" (大批), the set (T14) was also known as "small critcize" (小批), while this set T22 was known as "peasant critcize" (农批).

T22 was also the last set of stamp on criticizing campaign, symbolizing the end of the Cultural Revolutionary era.

On the other hand, T22 was the first set of stamps depicting four seasons in the stamp design, i.e. Spring, Summer, Autumn and Winter.

In 1975, the slogan building Daizhai-type counties throughout the country was proposed in the national congress of learning from Dazhai in agriculture.  To coordinate with the movement, the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications of PRC released a set of four stamps on April 9, 1977.

(4-1) 8 fen, The revolutionized county party committee  革命化的县委
(4-2) 8 fen, A scene of prosperity  欣欣向荣
(4-3) 8 fen, Celebrating the bumper harvest  战“四害”庆丰收
(4-4) 8 fen, Work hard for the course of socialism  大干社会主义

“全党动员，大办农业，为普及大寨县而奋斗！”

(4-1)【The revolutionized county party committee】Spring: The stamp showed the county party committee carrying shovel, newspaper and a red banner showing "In Agriculture, learn from Dazhai" (农业学大寨), going to rural mountainous region, leading the peasants from the frontline building Dazhai-type county.   Background of the stamp showed terraced fields.

(4-2)【A scene of prosperity】Summer: The stamp showed three mechanized machines transplanting rice in a paddy field.  The slogan "In Agriculture, learn from Dazhai" (农业学大寨) was displayed on the mountainside.   In the far background on the right, the irrigation canal (Red Flag Canal) showed the location of the stamp was Linxian (林县).

(4-3)【Celebrating the bumper harvest】Autumn: The stamp showed a bumper harvest.  A criticizing campaign bulletin board was set up near the harvesting field, where the peasants could look at the bulletins during harvesting breaks.  Top of the criticizing bulletin board showed “大批修正主义、大批资本主义、大干社会主义” meaning "Criticize Revisionism, Criticize Capitalism, Go all out for Socialism".  Center of the bulletin board showed "狠批四人帮” meaning "Criticize the Gang of Four".

(4-4)【Work hard for the course of socialism】Winter: The stamp showed the hardworking peasants still hard at work in winter.  The are building the infrastructures such as digging irrigation canals through the mountainside, creating more fields for agriculture, etc.

T22 – Building Dazhai-type counties throughout the country  普及大寨县 Issue Date: 1977.4.9
Serial Number:	T22
Scott Number:	1329-1332
Michel Number:	1339-1342
Number of stamps in Set:	4
Denomination:	8 fen for stamp 1, 2, 3, 4
Quantity of Issue:	8,000,000 for stamp 1, 2, 3, 4
Perforation:	P11 X 11½
Sheet Composition:	50 (5 X 10) for stamp 1, 2, 3, 4
Size of stamps:	40 X 30 mm for stamp 1, 2, 3, 4
Designer:	Wan Weisheng 万维生
Printing Process:	Photogravure
Printing House:	Beijing Postage Stamp Printing Works

T21 -- Build up Health for Revolution from Childhood

After the People's Republic of China was founded in 1949, the central government convened a national congress of physical culture workers, at which the call to "develop a national, scientific and popular new sports cause" was issued.

On June 10, 1952, Chairman Mao Zedong wrote down the inscription, "develop sports, enhance people's physique," which pointed out the new direction China was to take in the world of sports.

On June 1,1978, in celebration of International Children's Day, the Ministry of the Posts and Telecommunications of People's Republic of China released a set of five stamps about children's sport and physical training activities.

(5-1) 20 fen, Build up health for revolution from children  从小锻炼为革命
(5-2) 8 fen, Little football bringing us closer together  小小足球传友谊
(5-3) 8 fen, Not afraid of wind or waves  大风大浪不可怕
(5-4) 8 fen, Gymnastic performance to celebrate bumper harvest  体操表演庆丰收
(5-5) 8 fen, Take long marches and climb high peaks  万里征途攀高峰

(5-1)【Build up health for revolution from children】The first stamp is a larger stamp of the set.  The stamp design showed eight children doing morning exercises, with the rising sun in the far background.  These children are wearing different costumes, symbolizing the different ethnic groups of the nation.

 

Stamps 2 to 5 respectively depicted the sport activities for Spring, Summer, Autumn and Winter:

 

(5-2)【Little football bringing us closer together】Spring - The stamp showed children playing soccer in a green field, with migratory birds returning in the backgroundy.

 

(5-3)【Not afraid of wind or waves】Summer - The stamp showed children going swimming at a beach on a summary day.

 

(5-4)【Gymnastic performance to celebrate bumper harvest】Autumn -  The stamp showed two girls performing gymnastic in celebration of a bumper harvest.

 

(5-5)【Take long marches and climb high peaks】Winter - The stamp showed children playing in winter.

T21 – Build up Health for Revolution from Childhood  从小锻炼为革命 Issue Date: 1978.6.1
Serial Number:	T21
Scott Number:	1400-1404
Michel Number:	1410-1414
Number of stamps in Set:	5
Denomination:	20 fen for stamp 1 8 fen for stamp 2, 3, 4, 5
Quantity of Issue:	16,000,000 for stamp 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Perforation:	P11½
Sheet Composition:	40 (4 X 10) for stamp 1 80 (8 X 10) for stamp 2, 3, 4, 5
Size of stamps:	52 X 31 mm for stamp 1 26 X 31 mm for stamp 2, 3, 4, 5
Designer:	Lu Tianjiao  卢天骄
Printing Process:	Photogravure
Printing House:	Beijing Postage Stamp Printing Works

T20 -- Develop the Mines

Mining of minerals for other uses, such as for fuel, industrial raw materials, construction materials, etc, is known as Mining Industries.

After the founding of People's Republic of China, through geological exploration and public reporting, it was discovered that China has very rich resources of minerals.

On December 31, 1949, during Chairman Mao Zedong's visit to Russia, he met the Chinese student representative Ren Xiang (任湘), and inscribed on his notebook "Develop the Mines" (开发矿业), expressing China's hope of developing the mining industries.  Ren Xiang (1926-), geothermal expert, is also known as the "father of Chinese geothermal".

On December 9,1978, the Ministry of the Posts and Telecommunications of People's Republic of China released a set of four stamps about China's mining industries.  The set was named "Develop the Mines", using Chairman Mao's inscription in 1949. 

(4-1) 4 fen, Reporting  群众报矿
(4-2) 8 fen, An advance group  掘进尖兵
(4-3) 10 fen, Open-cut mining  露天采矿
(4-4) 20 fen, Transportation in the pit  井下运输

(4-1)【Reporting】The stamp design showed vast mountains in the background, and a member of the Tibetan ethnic group reporting mine finding to a member of the geological survey team.  This showed the importance of active public reporting.

(4-2)【An advance group】 The stamp design showed the miners using pneumatic drill for underground tunnelling operation.

 

(4-3)【Open-cut mining】Open-cut mining is a surface mining technique of extracting minerals  from the earth by their removal from an open pit.  This technique is used when deposits of commercially useful minerals are found near the surface.  The stamp design showed a scene of open-cut mining.

(4-4)【Transportation in the pit】The stamp design showed a mining electric locomotive transporting extracted minerals in underground tunnel.

T20 – Develop the Mines  开发矿业 Issue Date: 1978.12.29
Serial Number:	T20
Scott No.:	1461-1464
Michel No.:	1471-1474
Number of stamps in Set:	4
Denomination:	4 fen for stamp 1 8 fen for stamp 2 10 fen for stamp 3 20 fen for stamp 4
Quantity of Issue:	10,000,000 for stamp 1, 2, 3, 4
Perforation:	P11 X 11½
Sheet Composition:	50（10 X 5）
Size of stamps:	40 X 30 mm
Engraver:	高品璋, 孙鸿年, 李庆发, 姜伟杰
Designer:	Shao Bolin  邵柏林
Printing Process:	Engraving combined with photogravure Gummed
Printing House:	Beijing Postage Stamp Printing Works